85 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... , often from vascular ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #Syndromes #diagnosis
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
upper motor neuron injury ... The Hoffmann's reflex ... test itself involves ... Hoffmanns #Sign #Reflex ... Abnormal #clinical #video
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... Pathophysiology: • Severe injury ... Awareness • Injury
Freiberg's Test for Piriformis Syndrome

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, internally rotate the hip.
Pain in the
Freiberg's Test ... for Piriformis Syndrome ... Flex the hip ... #Piriformis #syndrome ... lumbar #clinical #video
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
alternating light test ... the pupillary reflex ... very sensitive diagnostic ... afferent pathway injury ... Neurology #Clinical #Video
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Acute spinal cord injury ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... in spinal cord injury ... #differential #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Differential Diagnosis ... lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... #differential #diagnosis
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Delayed autoimmune reaction
-> Molecular mimicry
-> GAS antigen cross-reacts with host
->
cells -> Tissue injury ... Marginatum • Subcutaneous ... Pancarditis and valvular ... injury -> Prolonged ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Mediastinal Causes: - Vascular ... Gastro-Esophageal Reflux ... Injury • ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Intra-Renal: • Vascular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury