23 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... Infection (Viral/Bacterial ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
High effective arterial ... blood volume ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
transplant patient • Bacterial ... #differential #diagnosis ... #kidney #blood ... #urine #management ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
40% of patients diagnosed ... to produce all classes ... antibodies) -> Complete deficiency ... plasma cells in blood ... • Increased susceptibility
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... Neurocysticercosis - Bacterial ... Blockage of the Blood ... #neurology #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Base Disorders - Blood ... Interpretation Steps for Blood ... - Differential Diagnosis ... syndrome, intestinal bacterial ... #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Crush injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... • ↓ Effective arterial ... , protein, or blood ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... permeability Diagnosis ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology ... #management #treatment