15 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... rupture • Papillary ... Papillary muscle rupture ... #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes #primary
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Endocarditis Algorithm ... vs Noninfective Causes ... disease • Systemic infection ... • HACEK • Culture-negative ... #Differential #
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
• Additional culture ... for metastatic infection ... heart failure • Myocardial ... Obtain single blood culture ... metastatic foci of infection
Blood Culture Collection Algorithm - Adult Patients with Suspected Systemic Infection 

Pawlowicz et al evidenced based
Blood Culture Collection ... Suspected Systemic Infection ... source of bacterial infection ... infection, endocarditis ... concerned for an infection
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... • Infection with ... special media) • Infection ... identified with modern culture ... - Standard culture
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Culture (+): ... • Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... Regurgitation - Differential ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... - Leaflet: • Infection ... #cardiology
Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Skin Rash

40 M presents w/ N, V, severe epigastric pain. SHx: smoker, drinks 18
to meningitis, endocarditis ... Myocarditis & culture-negative ... C. canimorsus infection ... is difficult to culture ... Capnocytophaga infection
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... Culture Positive ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... Diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Cardiology