8 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... rupture • Papillary ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... Infective Endocarditis ... • Infection with ... special media) • Infection ... - Standard culture
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Endocarditis Algorithm ... disease • Systemic infection ... • HACEK • Culture-negative ... Prosthetic Valve - Late ... #Differential #
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... - Leaflet: • Infection ... : Infective Endocarditis ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Culture (+): ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Culture Positive ... staphylococci Culture ... that may lead to infarction ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
mitral stenosis - Infective ... /marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... laterally from myocardial ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
50% in chronic infection ... weeks for acute infection ... River valleys • Infection ... • Confirmed by culture ... Diagnosis: • Culture