13 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... infarction, Tendineae rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... #differential # ... diagnosis #cardiology
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... nutritionally variant Strep ... identified with modern culture ... diagnosis #causes #culture ... #negative #Endocarditis
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Chordae Tendinae • Rupture ... • Infarct • Rupture ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
• Additional culture ... consultation • Valve regurgitation ... heart failure • Myocardial ... Obtain single blood culture ... • Aggressive management
Approach to the Hypotensive Patient - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hypotension

Blood Pressure = Heart Rate x
Hypotensive Patient - Differential ... dysfunction - Myocardial ... - Free wall rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... stenosis • Meds: negative
Group A Strep Pharyngitis, also known as  Strep Throat. 

In addition to symptomatic presentation, a
rapid antigen detection ... If positive, no culture ... throat swab is negative ... have a follow-up culture ... #StrepThroat #Management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... • Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Blood Culture-Negative ... nutritionally variant Strep ... identified with modern culture ... - Standard culture ... #diagnosis #differential
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative ... peritonitis, and endocarditis ... sinus • Sputum culture ... Streptocccus #Pneumoniae #strep ... microbiology #diagnosis #management
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
- Differential ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology