25 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... infarction, Tendineae rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
• Additional culture ... heart failure • Myocardial ... Obtain single blood culture ... • Aggressive management ... criticalcare #diagnosis #management
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... identified with modern culture ... BCNIE #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #causes #culture ... #CNIE #BCNIE #cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Chordae Tendinae • Rupture ... • Infarct • Rupture ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Group A Strep Pharyngitis, also known as  Strep Throat. 

In addition to symptomatic presentation, a
rapid antigen detection ... If positive, no culture ... have a follow-up culture ... #StrepThroat #Management ... #Treatment
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Chest Pain - Differential ... Chest Pain: • Myocardium ... Obstruction - Rupture ... Pain #ChestPain #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #Cardiology
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
peritonitis, and endocarditis ... sinus • Sputum culture ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment ... Meningitis 10-14 days, Endocarditis ... microbiology #diagnosis #management
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Management Principles

General Therapeutic Principles:
Reduce the congestive state 
 - Caution
with Preserved Ejection ... Fraction: Management ... Treat and prevent myocardial ... #Cardiology #HFpEF ... dCHF #Diastolic #Treatment
Natural history
Aneurysms may progress in size as a result of gradual wall weakening [6], with rupture
weakening [6], with rupture ... Rupture risk significantly ... Table 1: Annual rupture ... Guidelines for the treatment ... 37:1106-1117 #Management