20 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... infarction, Tendineae rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
• Additional culture ... heart failure • Myocardial ... Obtain single blood culture ... #criticalcare #diagnosis ... #management
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... identified with modern culture ... #diagnosis #causes ... #culture #negative ... #CNIE #BCNIE #cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Chordae Tendinae • Rupture ... • Infarct • Rupture ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Chest Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Chest Pain: • Myocardium ... Obstruction - Rupture ... #Cardiology
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
peritonitis, and endocarditis ... Diagnosis: • Physical ... sinus • Sputum culture ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment ... #management
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Regurgitation - Differential ... Diagnosis Acute ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... #cardiology
Mechanical Complications in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Acute LV/RV Dysfunction:
 • Regional wall motion, systolic and diastolic function,
Ventricular Free Wall Rupture ... Ventricular Septal Rupture ... Papillary Muscle Rupture ... • Contained rupture ... #differential #
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... 90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... hematuria, + RF Treatment ... Diagnosis #cardiology