11 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
), Spontaneous rupture ... infarction, Tendineae rupture ... Papillary muscle rupture ... #differential # ... diagnosis #cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Chordae Tendinae • Rupture ... • Infarct • Rupture ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Endocarditis checklist
Initial evaluation
 • Peripheral blood cultures (three sets at three different sites)
 • Additional culture
• Additional culture ... consultation • Valve regurgitation ... heart failure • Myocardial ... Obtain single blood culture ... • Aggressive management
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood culture ... identified with modern culture ... diagnosis #causes #culture ... #InfectiousDiseases ... #CNIE #BCNIE #cardiology
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
- Differential ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
90% of IE cases Culture ... staphylococci Culture ... hematuria, + RF Treatment ... Diagnosis #cardiology ... #infectiousdiseases
Capnocytophaga
Pathogen: Capnocytophaga
 • 9 species, C. canimorsus responsible for the majority of infections
 • Gram-negative rod,
13%), Pneumonia, Endocarditis ... microorganism (Culture ... microbiology #zoonotic #infectiousdiseases ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... MV chordae may rupture ... laterally from myocardial ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
Differential Diagnosis ... heart disease • Myocardial ... recommend against future ... • During a future ... #cardiology #treatment