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Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... • Pleura: - Effusion ... syndrome Other Causes ... - Acidosis - T4
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
Systemic and Primary Causes ... Mellitus Liver Function ... /uremia TSH & T4 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Checklist for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension
 • Record estimated PASP
 • Evaluate RV size
Evaluate RV size and function ... for pericardial effusion ... • Evaluate for causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... • Caused by splanchnic ... vasodilation → ↓ renal perfusion ... • Tubular function ... preserved despite ↓ perfusion
Constrictive Pericarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram - Apical 3-Chamber View

Young Lupus patient admitted to hospital new onset
Pericarditis on POCUS ... could pinpoint the cause ... has pericardial effusion ... with similar peri effusion ... Pericarditis #CP #POCUS
Type A Aortid Dissection - Suprasternal View

Type A Aortic Dissection (TAD), present on this suprasternal view
insuff, pericardial effusion ... supports PE or other causes ... #Notch #Aorta #POCUS
Constrictive Pericarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram - Subcostal View

Young Lupus patient admitted to hospital new onset HFpEF.
Pericarditis on POCUS ... could pinpoint the cause ... has pericardial effusion ... similar sized effusion ... Pericarditis #CP #POCUS
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
hypovolaemia or combined causes ... consider passing suction ... rate, rhythm, perfusion ... team. ❼ Consider causes ... o Endocrine cause
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
should identify any cause ... consider passing suction ... Consider potential causes ... rate, rhythm, perfusion ... tracheal/bronchial suction
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Possible small plural effusion ... pleura in severe cases ... Possible bilateral effusion ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #signs #Lung #POCUS