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The GFR Clock for Staging CKD

Staging CKD is most frequently done by calculating the estimated glomerular
The GFR Clock for ... , CKD can be staged ... Using the GFR clock ... #Diagnosis #Nephro ... #CKD #EGFR #Staging
Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
): • GFR < 60 ... • AKI, OR • GFR ... • Decrease in GFR ... ): • GFR ≥ 60 ... #nephrology #acute
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
Complications of CKD ... Patients with stages ... 1-3 ([GFR] >30 ... stages 4-5 (GFR ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
maintaining baseline GFR ... setting of modest GFR ... with GFR > 30 and ... avoidance with GFR ... Kidney #renal #nephrology
To improve the usefulness of the serum creatinine concentration as a marker of kidney function, prediction
accurately predict GFR ... overestimation of GFR ... as are seen in acute ... used to estimate GFR ... CockcroftGault #EGFR
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... Optimize volume status ... to improve GFR ... sufficient if intact GFR
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
chloridorrhea) • Status ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... markedly reduced GFR ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology