8 results
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
Effects of Prostaglandins ... retention of Na, K ... is increased in CKD ... prolonged NSAID use in CKD ... renal #nephrology #pharmacology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
15 g QD • Side Effects ... : Edema (mild to ... 8.4 g • Side Effects ... daily • Side Effects ... #medications #pharmacology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
trial • Minimal K ... - Protective effects ... • Increases Edema ... NS #comparison #pharmacology ... #effects
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... to balance out K+ ... channel blocking effects ... Fast Action, ↓ EFR ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... status to improve GFR ... caution in HTN & edema
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
channel blocking effects ... Fast Action, ↓ EFR ... Slow Action, ←→ EFR ... • MOA: Block K+ ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology
Veltassa (Patiromer) 
MECHANISM: Potassium Binder 
INDICATION: Treatment of Hyperkalemia 
FORMULATION: Powder for oral suspension 
DOSING: 8.4
needed, based on K ... patients with CKD ... Most common side effect ... #Hyperkalemia #Pharmacology
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Framework for Facial Edema ... Contact dermatitis (CD ... • Solid facial edema ... carcinoma • Multiple myeloma ... Differential #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam