10 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Digoxin • K ... • Recent IV potassium ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Digoxin • K ... • Recent IV potassium ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
retention of Na, K ... is increased in CKD ... prolonged NSAID use in CKD ... with GFR > 30 and ... renal #nephrology #pharmacology
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... desired serum K ... Side Effects: Edema ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #medications #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... caution in HTN & edema ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... to balance out K+ ... Fast Action, ↓ EFR ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... trial • Minimal K ... • Increases Edema ... volume - increased edema ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Veltassa (Patiromer) 
MECHANISM: Potassium Binder 
INDICATION: Treatment of Hyperkalemia 
FORMULATION: Powder for oral suspension 
DOSING: 8.4
) MECHANISM: Potassium ... needed, based on K ... patiromer) is a potassium ... patients with CKD ... #Hyperkalemia #Pharmacology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Fast Action, ↓ EFR ... Slow Action, ←→ EFR ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... • MOA: Block K+ ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Framework for Facial Edema ... Contact dermatitis (CD ... • Solid facial edema ... carcinoma • Multiple myeloma ... Differential #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam