6 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • CKD • Poorly ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... deficiency • Renal ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... : • CKD • Poorly ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... deficiency • Renal ... causes #potassium #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... edema and capsular ... • Increases Edema ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... caution in HTN & edema
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Inhibitors of Renal ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Framework for Facial Edema ... Contact dermatitis (CD ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... carcinoma • Multiple myeloma ... Differential #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam