8 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
• Asplenia Laboratory ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... • Hemolytic anemia ... Effect • RBC Transfusions ... HbA1c #HgbA1c #Laboratory
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
for Hemolytic Anemia ... prosthetic valve • Transfusion ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #causes #classification
Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
 -
haemoglobin for anaemia ... - Fetal blood transfusion ... in twin—twin transfusion ... Testing #Diagnosis #Laboratory
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
AIHA, Cold AIHA, Transfusion ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Hypophostphatemia Laboratory
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
in adults Anuria ... output #oliguria #anuria ... #laboratory #shock ... #classification
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
deficiency, ... laboratory ... - Progressive amnesia ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- assess other laboratory ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... #typea #typeb #classification
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
and fever) and laboratory ... Skin Disease Classification ... with: • Minimal laboratory ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia