60 results
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
result is positive (abnormal ... and negative (normal ... with a central cause ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
reexposed to light; • Normal ... Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... Ill Palsy - abnormal ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Causes of Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gain of H+) • Normal ... AnionGap #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
Iron Deficiency (Eg ... Deficiency) Ferritin normal ... decreased, TIBC normal ... , TIBC Normal - ... Increased HgbA2, Normal
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
L2, L3, L4 • Ankle ... Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Glomerulonephritis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
ANCA:
 • C-ANCA: GPA (Wegener's)
 • P-ANCA: Microscopic Polyangiitis, Eosinophilic GPA (Churg
Glomerulonephritis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Cryoglobulinemia • Normal ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Normal ... Variant, Normal ... Stature Normal ... endocrinology #causes
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
of Breathing Normal ... —20 per min in normal ... It may be fast, normal ... Occasional sighs are normal ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations abnormal ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... (Cl + HCO3)} Normal ... <0.4 Pure Normal ... Diagnosis: Causes ... of Normal Anion