32 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Renal Causes ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Independent: • Tea ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... thromboembolism, renal ... tumors INTRINSINC RENAL ... #nephrology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
ulceration • Ocular ... (panuveitis, retinal ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... : Giant retinal ... tears, Ischemia,
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
damage such as retinal ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal ... disease: CKD, acute
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Brain, Eye, and Ear ... and less common diseases ... • Genetic • Retinal ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Parenchymal Diseases ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... Advanced kidney disease ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Metabolic • Renal ... Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ... Neurologic • ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... disease • Drugs ... #differential #diagnosis