20 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
injury -> Ligaments tear ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
inguinal ligament (near ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
tendon is 15cm long ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Trauma • Strains/ tears ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... CN7, parotid), CT ... inflammatory cause) • EMG ... Management #Treatment #Neurology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
infiltration damages tear ... friction rub audible Lungs ... cause interstitial lung ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
volume -> Decr lung ... expansion -> Decr lung ... #Scoliosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... granulomas within the lungs ... of diagnosis (e.g ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs