15 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
injury -> Ligaments tear ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
inguinal ligament (near ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
tendon is 15cm long ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
infiltration damages tear ... friction rub audible Lungs ... cause interstitial lung ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Trauma • Strains/ tears ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... CN7, parotid), CT ... Awake: Artificial tears ... Sleep: Artificial tears
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
volume -> Decr lung ... expansion -> Decr lung ... #Scoliosis #pathophysiology ... #msk #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... granulomas within the lungs ... of diagnosis (e.g ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
is unconscious, signs ... is conscious, symptoms ... CM5 continuous ECG ... Inform theatre team ... consultation with cardiology