28 results
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Varies • No neurologic ... with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused ... No auditory symptoms ... Long symptom-free
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... • Other rare causes ... overgrowth: • Carpal ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... in the Spinal canal ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... use shouldn't cause ... ACEIARB #Effects #Nephrology ... #Renal #Pathophysiology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... retroperitoneal masses ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... Anosmia, Stroke • Renal ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... Features: • Many symptoms ... patients have no symptoms ... Management #Signs #Symptoms
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... : • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology