93 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #differential # ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #low #pathophysiology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Increased ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Differential # ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... wasting from other causes ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Diagnosis Baseline ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... (correction of hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... Screening #Workup #table