67 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Leukemia) • GI diseases ... liver or kidney disease ... smoking, etoh, decr activity ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Chronic kidney disease ... Tuberculosis Treatment ... Initiating Treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
Romberg's Test for ... (Romberg's sign ... • Cerebellar disease ... Unilateral vestibular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Chronic kidney disease ... Tuberculosis Treatment ... Initiating Treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... ß-glucocerebrosidase activity ... #Gauchers #Disease ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS): Signs and Symptoms

Repetitive Overhead Activity, Scapular Dyskinesis -> Scapulohumeral mechanics become altered
Syndrome (SIS): Signs ... Repetitive Overhead Activity ... + Painful arc test ... pain + Hawkin's test ... symptoms #msk #pathophysiology
Tuberculin Skin Test Interpretation - Threshold for treatment
Induration cutoff >5mm:
 • Recent exposure to an individual
Tuberculin Skin Test ... Threshold for treatment ... individual with active ... consistent with old TB disease ... • kidney disease
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
of dopaminergic activity ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Bipolar Disorder: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Disruption of emotional homeostasis
 • Oscillation between mood states
variability in disease ... mood - Primary treatment ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Psychiatry
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Initial screening test ... with more severe disease ... Used to monitor disease ... activity Anti-Ro ... Treatment: •