31 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
slippage of vertebral body ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
different types of bone ... blade of grass sign ... ) • Enostosis/bone ... docskalski #Knee #Bone ... #Tumors #Diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
different types of bone ... • Aneurysmal bone ... blade of grass sign ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Radiology #XRay #MSK
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... in macrophages Diagnosis ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... /joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in