45 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
tenderness • Positive one-legged ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
 • Introduction
 • Classification
 • Pathophysiology of TAPVR
 • Presentation
Classification • Pathophysiology ... PVO Present • Diagnosis ... Classic “snowman sign ... #peds #pediatrics ... #summary
Bronchiolitis Management

When to admit: 
- Any history of apnoea 
- Persistant sats < 92% 
- Inadequate
Bronchiolitis Management ... (<50% normal) Signs ... #diagnosis #Peds ... #Pediatrics #Admission ... #Discharge #Criteria
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical Signs:
 • hyperCalcemia 28% (bone demineralization)
 • Renal disease 48%
Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis ... and Management ... Summary Clinical ... Signs: • hyperCalcemia ... #Management #oncology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Summary Epidemiology ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... #Management #Summary
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
"pooping duck sign ... Here's a quick summary ... "pooping duck sign ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis ... #Sports #MSK
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS
Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whipplei) - Diagnosis and Management 

Caused by: Tropheryma whipplei

Symptoms and Signs:
1. Migratory poly/oligoarthralgia
and Management ... Symptoms and Signs ... Criteria - Either ... #algorithm #management ... #criteria #Tropheryma
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... /joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis