15 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... , alcohol, starvation ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
Causes of Metabolic ... errors Ketosis • Diabetic ... • Starvation/alcoholic ... Ketosis Toxic alcohol ... MetabolicAcidosis #AnionGap #Nephrology
Causes of Prolonged Emergence - Anesthesiology

Prolonged Drug Action:
• Overdose 
• Hypothermia (< 33 C) 
• Incr
Prolonged Drug Action ... interaction Metabolic ... hyperglycemia • HONK / diabetic ... • Sepsis • Alcohol ... Neurologic
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Moyamoya • Toxic: Alcohol ... , Medication, Recreational ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... #neurology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... withdrawal from alcohol ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Signs #Symptoms #Comparison
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Diabetic ... ketoacidosis • Alcoholic ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
0.8 Normal + High ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... of High Anion Gap ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... , Alcoholic, Starvation ... #nephrology