52 results
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
multi-drug resistance) Renal ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
and Secondary Causes ... taken at home, work ... Secondary Causes ... and bilateral renal ... excess (Cushing syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Workup and Differential ... eg, presence of renal ... Renal parenchymal ... White-coat syndrome ... #Workup #causes
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Overfill (Increased renal ... pericarditis • Portal hypertension ... Allergies • Burns/Trauma ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... the existence of hypertension ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Pancreatitis, Trauma ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Secondary #Hypertension ... #Screening #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... Malignancy • Trauma ... #urology #nephrology