29 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... on Brain Imaging ... #imaging #patterns ... #MRI #Neurology ... pathology #diseases #radiology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Rhabdomyolysis • Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... • Structural: Tumor ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
brain w/o contrast ... Evaluate underlying cause ... Ruled out other causes ... stroke #workup #diagnosis ... #checklist #neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... (Many causes!) ... encephalitis) • Brain ... (e.g. stroke, tumor ... #diagnosis #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Renin secreting tumor ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Imaging Patterns ... and Metabolic Brain ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Neurology