56 results
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
and pulmonary symptoms ... failure or alarm symptoms ... treatment/failure/symptom ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Disease #diagnosis #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... into serum • Triggers ... #diagnosis #management
Algorithm for the diagnostic evaluation of dizziness. (HINTS = head-impulse, nystagmus, test of skew.)
Questions regarding the
dizziness) and triggers ... the dizziness as ... Timing of the symptom ... provoke the symptom ... Dizziness #Algorithm #Differential
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
T lymphocytes also ... etiology Signs/Symptoms ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
"pass out" • Symptoms ... may be triggered ... spinning" • Symptoms ... Algorithm #dizzy #differential ... diagnosis #neurology #management
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
pituitary can also ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
GERD and Recommended Lifestyle Modifications
 • Avoid fatty meals
 • Avoid carbonated beverages
 • Avoid citrus,
GERD and Recommended ... citrus, if it triggers ... symptoms • Eat ... left side #GERD ... Modifications #management
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
the study) • Triggers ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... initiation • Differential ... APML #diagnosis #management
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Diagnosis and Management ... - Autoimmune: APS ... Hypocalcemia #Diagnosis #Management ... #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... Findings: • ↑AST/ALT ... infiltration) Differential ... #pathophysiology