59 results
Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Definition
Presentation
Medical Management
Extraesophageal Symptoms
Long-Term PPI Issues
Diagnosis Algorithm
Refractory GERD
Surgical and Endoscopic
Diagnosis and Management ... Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... (GERD) Definition ... Extraesophageal Symptoms ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... and pulmonary symptoms ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease ... #diagnosis #management
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... Smoking, Microbial triggers ... female-predominant disease ... of autoimmune disease ... #hepatology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... into serum • Triggers ... TLS #diagnosis #management ... #hematology
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
the population Disease ... trigger - Direct ... and duration of symptoms ... angioedema Other symptoms ... Urticaria #diagnosis #rheumatology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Graves’ Disease: ... etiology Signs/Symptoms ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
Hashitoxicosis ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... active Hashimoto’s disease ... ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... Hashitoxicosis #Hashimotos #Endocrinology ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
Multi-system autoimmune disease ... thickening Signs and Symptoms ... Gastrointestinal: GERD ... interstitial lung disease ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
GERD and Recommended Lifestyle Modifications
 • Avoid fatty meals
 • Avoid carbonated beverages
 • Avoid citrus,
GERD and Recommended ... citrus, if it triggers ... symptoms • Eat ... left side #GERD ... Modifications #management