59 results
Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Definition
Presentation
Medical Management
Extraesophageal Symptoms
Long-Term PPI Issues
Diagnosis Algorithm
Refractory GERD
Surgical and Endoscopic
Diagnosis and Management ... Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... (GERD) Definition ... Extraesophageal Symptoms ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ... and pulmonary symptoms ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux #Disease ... #diagnosis #management
Primary hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease) – symptoms, signs

#Diagnosis #Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease #Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Primary hypoadrenalism ... (Addison’s disease ... ) – symptoms, signs ... Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms ... Basic and Clinical Endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Smoking, Microbial triggers ... female-predominant disease ... of autoimmune disease ... Cholestasis #PBC #Primary
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
Leukemia) • GI diseases ... liver or kidney disease ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... with systemic diseases ... (SLE) Signs / Symptoms ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Graves’ Disease: ... etiology Signs/Symptoms ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... Lymphoma Metastatic Disease ... insufficiency - Celiac disease ... insufficiency #addisons #disease ... #endocrinology