32 results
Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Definition
Presentation
Medical Management
Extraesophageal Symptoms
Long-Term PPI Issues
Diagnosis Algorithm
Refractory GERD
Surgical and Endoscopic
Diagnosis and Management ... Gastroesophageal Reflux ... Disease (GERD) ... Extraesophageal Symptoms ... Gastroesophageal #Reflux
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
Gastroesophageal Reflux ... : Diagnosis • Heartburn ... reduction • Avoid “trigger ... #Disease #diagnosis ... #management #Gastroenterology
GERD and Recommended Lifestyle Modifications
 • Avoid fatty meals
 • Avoid carbonated beverages
 • Avoid citrus,
GERD and Recommended ... citrus, if it triggers ... symptoms • Eat ... #reflux #acid # ... Modifications #management
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome • Triggers ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... into serum • Triggers ... #diagnosis #management
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
T lymphocytes also ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... partial retinal red reflex ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Obstruction with GERD ... Can also occur after ... injury (by acid reflux ... melena - Other GI symptoms ... #management #gastroenterology
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
Hashitoxicosis ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... Hashimoto’s disease as ... Hashitoxicosis #Hashimotos #Endocrinology ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Tuberculosis - Diagnosis ... and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
the study) • Triggers ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... : >3 symptoms, or ... unless severe APLS ... #management #hematology