63 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
tenderness • Positive one-legged ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... pulmonary TB PE ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of bacilli to bone
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
Trauma to the long bone ... The diagnosis is ... Pathophysiology ... onset widespread pulmonary ... #Signs #Symptoms
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... in macrophages Diagnosis ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Gauchers #Disease #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... Fractures #msk #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
polyarthritis • Pulmonary ... exertion • Neurologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs ... #Pulmonary