25 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Cushing Syndrome - Signs and Symptoms
Generalized: Weight gain, Slow healing of cuts, Increased risk of infections,
Cushing Syndrome ... - Signs and Symptoms ... blood pressure Bones ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs and Symptoms
 • Brain: Androgenization effects, Glucocorticoid effects,
Hydroxylase Deficiency - Signs ... and Symptoms • ... atypia (46,XX) • Bone ... fusion, Decreased bone ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... resorption: • Primary ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary ... D) Increased bone ... , adrenal, prostate ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Deprivation • Primary ... • Congenital Adrenal ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Kidney and adrenals ... Hepatorenal syndrome ... Bone marrow ... liver #failure #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... =>Prader-Willi Syndrome ... Signs/Symptoms ... /Complications: ... Infertility • Decr Bone
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #signs