9 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Syndrome Signs/Symptoms ... fractures • Short ... PraderWilli #Syndrome #genetics ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... deficiency: - Short ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... Elderly, Female (short ... - Indwelling urinary ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
elderly, female (short ... epithelium and causing symptoms ... Signs/Symptoms ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Rheumatologic symptoms ... gastrointestinal 4) Primary ... yeast • Found primarily ... Inhalation of spores ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
Types of HLH • Primary ... Familial) HLH: - Genetic ... Common Signs and Symptoms ... Pathophysiology