110 results
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): X-ray features
 • Soft tissue swelling (best seen by comparing left & right
tissue swelling (best ... Narrowing • Bony ... the articular bone ... Best visualized ... Radiology #Clinical #Pathophysiology
Differentiating Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) From Vestibular Neuritis-Labyrinthitis
BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO
 • Age: More common
Hearing loss: None ... • Frequency of symptoms ... Positive usually on one ... Hearing loss: None ... : Symptoms may be
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Conductive vs Sensorineural Hearing Loss on Physical Exam
Weber Test:
 • Normal: Sound is equal bilaterally
 •
Physical Exam Weber Test ... lasts longer than bone ... • Conductive: Bone ... lasts longer than bone ... #HearingLoss #PhysicalExam
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
tenderness • Positive one-legged ... hyperextension test ... (Stork test) ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... architecture -> Palpable bony ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Yergason's Test on Physical Exam
Yergason's test for biceps tendon pathology testing stability of the tendon within
Yergason's Test ... Exam Yergason's test ... flexion elicits symptoms ... - Lil Bone Peep ... #PhysicalExam #
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
3: Necrosis of bone ... mass over mastoid bone ... of the temporal bone ... inner cortical bone ... #signs #symptoms