278 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... liver or kidney disease ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
ALP) Elevation - Differential ... - Highest • Bone ... Most common symptoms ... - Bone symptoms ... ALP #Elevation #Differential
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Gauchers #Disease ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Lysosomal Storage Disorders

Mucolipidoses
 • I-Cell Disease

Mucopolysaccharidoses
 • Hurler
 • Hunter

Sphingolipidoses
 • Tay Sachs
 • Fabry
 •
Mucolipidoses • I-Cell Disease ... Storage #Disorders #Diseases ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #differential
Bone Lesion on X-Ray - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Exostotic
 • Osteochondroma
Asymptomatic &/or Non-Active Bone Scam
 •
Bone Lesion on X-Ray ... - Differential ... /or Non-Active Bone ... Constitutional Symptoms ... BoneLesion #XRay #MSK #Differential
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of bacilli to bone ... CMC_IM #Potts #Disease
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Granulomatous Disease ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay -
different types of bone ... involucrum • Paget disease ... phase • Paget disease ... ) • Enostosis/bone ... #Differential #