143 results
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
treatment of renal bone ... disease and cinacalcet ... which reduces bone ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... in Sickle Cell Disease ... number of pain crises ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Leukemia) • GI diseases ... liver or kidney disease ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology
Causes of Bone/Joint Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Vaso-occlusive pain:
 • Mechanism: ischemic pain
 • Can present
Causes of Bone/Joint ... in Sickle Cell Disease ... Generally affects long bones ... Pain #SickleCell #Disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Paget's Disease of Bone

 • Characterized by an ↑ rate of bone turnover with both excessive
Paget's Disease ... by an ↑ rate of bone ... • Caused by ( ... • The disease ... medperspective #Pagets #Disease
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
stimulation (placenta/Bone ... - Highest • Bone ... Intestine - Other causes ... - Bone symptoms ... granulamatous disease
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • softening of bones ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... due to increased bone ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... Hypercalcemia #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... metastasis (hungry bone ... Tubulointerstitial renal disease ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
PT, aPTT(liver disease ... bypass), LFT (liver disease ... candidate) - Bone ... patients if the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes