13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... /joint pain Psychiatric ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
treatment of renal bone ... cinacalcet for secondary ... This decreases secondary ... which reduces bone ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Dizziness - Nausea ... Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... SideEffects #Psychiatry
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... gain Incr NE: Nausea ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... SideEffects #Psychiatry
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • softening of bones ... pain • loss of secondary ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... metastasis (hungry bone ... - Primary or secondary ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... medications #drugs #pharmacology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl-,• secondary ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... Tubules #Table #Pharmacology
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
#Mania #Manic #Secondary ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Mucous membranes • Bone ... • Persons with psychiatric ... Psychiatric symptoms ... , or any other cause ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology