114 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... liver or kidney disease ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Gauchers #Disease ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
stimulation (placenta/Bone ... - Highest • Bone ... Most common symptoms ... - Bone symptoms ... granulamatous disease
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Pancytopenia - Workup ... Flow cytometry, Bone ... Alcoholism Bone ... Metastatic Disease ... #Pancytopenia #Workup
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Pancytopenia - Workup ... Flow cytometry, Bone ... Alcoholism Bone ... Metastatic Disease ... #Pancytopenia #Workup
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
chronic kidney disease ... deficiency - Probable bone ... #differential #workup
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
treatment of renal bone ... disease and cinacalcet ... which reduces bone ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology