72 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
dental fixatives, Treatment ... Musculoskeletal: Low bone ... Copper #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
) Deficiency - Diagnosis ... and Management Diagnosis ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Deficiency) - Diagnosis ... Mucous membranes • Bone ... Psychiatric symptoms ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis ... Management Summary Diagnostic ... Hypercellular bone ... When present, symptoms ... • "Vasomotor" symptoms
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... in macrophages Diagnosis ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Gauchers #Disease #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Script Signs and symptoms ... Symptomatic anemia Diagnosis ... with hypocellular bone ... megaloblastic anemia Treatment ... #management #treatment