40 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
dental fixatives, Treatment ... • Nutritional: ... Musculoskeletal: Low bone ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment ... of renal bone disease ... the first-line treatments ... which reduces bone ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Gauchers #Disease ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... due to chronic disease ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Pharmacologic treatment algorithms by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade. Highlighted boxes and arrows
Pharmacologic treatment ... Obstructive Lung Disease ... Highlighted boxes ... indicate preferred treatment ... perceived level of symptoms
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
Hypercellular bone ... When present, symptoms ... • "Vasomotor" symptoms ... the reduction of symptoms ... von Willebrand disease
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Mucous membranes • Bone ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• softening of bones ... of feet, thigh bones ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of bacilli to bone ... CMC_IM #Potts #Disease