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Nephron Pathophysiology Study Guide 

- Proximal Tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
- Collecting Duct

The Kidney Zone

#Nephron
- Proximal Tubule ... Henle - Distal Tubule ... Collecting Duct The Kidney ... Pathophysiology #Overview #Tubules
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects in Kidney ... Tubule Epithelial ... distal convoluted tubule ... Distal renal tubular ... Inherited #Defects #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
Acute Kidney Injury ... the glomeruli, tubules ... • ATN (Acute tubular ... Cellular debris • Kidney ... LouLectures #Acute #Kidney
Kidney Syndromes - A Guide to Compartmentalize the Etiologies of Kidney Disease
1) Tubule and interstitium
2) Vasculature
3)
Kidney Syndromes ... Etiologies of Kidney ... Disease 1) Tubule ... galindozip #Renal #Kidney
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
Drug Induced Kidney ... Osmotic injury to tubules ... Immunotherapy • Toxic tubular
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
calcium in renal tubules ... decr ability of kidneys ... from the blood - Tubular ... distal convoluted tubule
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework 
Pre-Renal
Post-Renal
Intrinsic Renal:
 • Tubules (ATN)
 • Glomerular:
Causes of Acute Kidney ... Intrinsic Renal: • Tubules
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Kidney ... Cl- outside the kidneys ... tubular acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... in the proximal tubule
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute kidney ... components of the kidney ... supply; glomerular, tubular ... Diagnosis #AKI #Acute #Kidney
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
Interpreting Kidney ... Medications that ↓ renal tubular ... #Biomarkers #Kidney