69 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Osteoarthritis - Overuse syndrome ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... - Giant cell tumor ... #causes #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Renin-secreting tumor ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #cardiology
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... PRIMARY Cardiac tumors ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... Costochondritis - Tietze syndrome ... • Pleura: - Effusion ... #Cardiology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Excessive IV Mg infusion ... Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Magnesium #Table #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... (Many causes!) ... * (most common cause ... (e.g. stroke, tumor ... #diagnosis #neurology
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... able to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... Brain Injury, Tumor ... #neurology #diagnosis