205 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Allantoin (High ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... immature blasts and high ... WBC count cause ... • Pathophysiology ... Spontaneous if high
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Diuretics (late) • High ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No onset of menarche by age 16 with secondary
Causes of Primary ... Ovarian Etiology - High ... ) • 45, XO Turner ... Irradiation • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High ... aldosteronism • High ... Al, High R - Secondary ... Renin-secreting tumor ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
Mechanisms - Tumor ... lysis syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... Magnesium #Table #Causes
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... nocturnal pain, high ... • Fracture • Tumor ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Renin-Secreting Tumor ... Low Renin, High ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
or Low Renin, High ... Hyperaldosteronism (High ... Renin, High Aldosterone ... Renin-secreting tumor ... - Cushing’s syndrome