261 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Uric Acid (low ... Urate Nephropathy (low ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Renin secreting tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Hyperaldosternism (low ... Renin producing tumor ... • Other low renin ... Deoxycorticosterone tumor
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor ... • Low PRA: Adenoma ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... Hyperthecosis • Tumor ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Tumor Low Serum ... endocrinology #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor ... • Low Al, Low ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... COHb, MetHb) - Low ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No onset of menarche by age 16 with secondary
Causes of Primary ... Etiology - High FSH, Low ... ) • 45, XO Turner ... Irradiation • Tumor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... • Pathophysiology ... , Elevated Cr, Low