114 results
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... of Diplopia TIER ... URGENT: Brainstem tumor ... #differential # ... diagnosis #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Differential Diagnosis
Step 1: Consider Stroke
Step 2: Diplopia PLUS
 - Cavernous Sinus Syndrome
 - Infection
Diplopia - Differential ... Cavernous Sinus Syndrome ... - Orbital Apex Syndrome ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... finding of diplopia ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diplopia - Double ... Vision - Differential ... #DoubleVision #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Pupillary Defects - Differential ... Midbrain (Parinaud's Syndrome ... Pupils #Defects #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Defining the cause ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #hypokalemia #differential
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... Young females Differential ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy - Visual Field Defects - Localization Map
 - Optic Nerve Lesion (Monocular vision loss)
 -
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy ... Pituitary/metastatic tumor ... Infection • MS ... NeuroOphthaImoIogy #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Anatomy #Causes
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Other Endocrine causes ... Renin producing tumor ... Deoxycorticosterone tumor ... #Hypertension #differential