13 results
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... dissociation • Other causes ... trauma/orbital tumor ... #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Adie's Pupil on Physical Exam

Adie's pupil is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil
It is caused by ... infection which causes ... #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #syndrome
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Renin secreting tumor ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Renin-secreting tumor ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Renin-secreting tumor ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Renin secreting tumor ... #nephrology #low
Adie’s Tonic Pupil on Physical Exam

A young female was referred in for a sudden onset anisocoria.
Adie’s Tonic Pupil ... Her ocular exam ... Adie’s tonic pupil ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Concussion Other Causes ... glaucoma • GCA • Adie ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... ophthalmology #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... lysis syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology