17 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... FENa) = (Urine Na ... Serum Cr) / (Serum Na ... #nephrology #calculation ... #diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
or Ineffective (UNa ... solute intake, UNa ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
- RAAS ON (UNa ... - RAAS OFF (UNa ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Corrected Na = [ ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #nephrology ... #sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
pain, primary lung ... • With lower Na ... promoting passive sodium ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Pain, Primary lung ... using this as a long-term ... promoting passive sodium ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... reabsorption 5) ↓ Na ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #nephrology #hyponatremia
Bilateral B-Lines in case of Pneumonia on Lung POCUS

Young healthy pt with fever/dyspnea. POCUS lung exam
POCUS lung exam ... pulm edema not PNA ... Lung POCUS shows ... Lung POCUS invaluable ... NOT definitively diagnose
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid >4 • Urine Na ... losses • Urine Na ... acid >4 • Urine Na ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Renal glucosuria - Na ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential