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differential algorithm endocrinology hypokalemia ketoacidosis potassium diabeticketoacidosis emesis high management signs symptoms abg acid acidbase acidosis alkalosis base bloodgas chloride
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: 1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL 2. Arterial pH <7.3 3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L 4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... patients with type 2 diabetes ... have new-onset diabetes ... previously established diabetes ... are Euglycemic Diabetic
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Symptoms: • Abdominal pain • Nausea • Polyuria • Polydipsia • Vomiting • Weight loss •
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - Diagnosis ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... (Uncontrolled Diabetes ... • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... #Nephrology #Differential
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Symptoms: • Abdominal pain • Nausea • Polyuria • Polydipsia • Vomiting • Weight loss •
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - Diagnosis ... • Polyuria • ... Polydipsia • Vomiting ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... endocrinology #diabetes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Diabetes Insipidus ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Typical Clinical Features of DKA: - Acetone breath - Tachycardia - Soft Bp
respirations - Nausea ... /vomifing - Abdominal ... pain - Polyuria ... #Diagnosis # ... Diabetic #Ketoacidosis
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Causes
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