26 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer ... #blood #urine
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Sensory Motor Reflex ... Flexion Biceps Reflex ... Brachioradialis Reflex ... Flexion None T1 Ulnar ... differential #diagnosis #Neurology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Saline: • If Urine ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis and Treatment ... history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... #management #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... or Ineffective (UNa ... solute intake, UNa ... table #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... Labs: • CPK 5X ULN ... Treatment of underlying ... hour with goal urine ... #nephrology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Abduction - C8-T1 (ulnar ... Adduction - C7-T1 (ulnar ... , T1 (median) Reflexes ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
kidney #blood #urine ... #management #treatment ... #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lower extremity reflexes ... bulbocavernosus reflex ... wink test - reflex ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... diagnosis #causes #neurology