23 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Leg Pain - Differential ... of Leg Pain: ... of Leg Pain: ... Causes of Leg Pain ... cyanosis - Cool extremity
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Motor Function ... aracteristic "claw hand ... " ± Horner Syndrome ... #sensory #motor
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Loss of pain and ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... clumsiness in hands ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... #orthopedics #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... Commonly caused ... damage to peroneal nerve ... #sensory #motor
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
(Contralateral motor ... Consciousness • Cranial Nerve ... contralateral extremity ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... sensory loss to pain
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... paralysis of all extremity ... Reflexes: Arms or legs ... or feet • Pain ... #diagnosis #management
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Scotoma, Ocular pain ... /pain upon eye movement ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... Transverse myelitis: Motor ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
compression of nerve ... Severe low back pain ... - Emergency Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... Weakness - Lower motor ... lesion - Upper motor ... - Leg weakness ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... , lower extremity ... activity between nerve ... cells and motor ... #diagnosis #management